作者:Chelsea
【資料圖】
來源:blog.csdn.net/Chelsea__/article/details/126689495
1、簡介
SpringBoot不僅繼承了Spring框架原有的優(yōu)秀特性,而且還通過簡化配置來進(jìn)一步簡化了Spring應(yīng)用的整個搭建和開發(fā)過程。在Spring-Boot項(xiàng)目開發(fā)中,存在著本模塊的代碼需要訪問外面模塊接口,或外部url鏈接的需求, 比如在apaas開發(fā)過程中需要封裝接口在接口中調(diào)用apaas提供的接口(像發(fā)起流程接口submit等等)下面也是提供了三種方式(不使用dubbo的方式)供我們選擇2、方式一:使用原始httpClient請求
/**@descriptionget方式獲取入?yún)ⅲ迦霐?shù)據(jù)并發(fā)起流程*@authorlyx*@date2022/8/2416:05*@paramsdocumentId*@returnString*///@RequestMapping(\"/submit/{documentId}\")publicStringsubmit1(@PathVariableStringdocumentId)throwsParseException{//此處將要發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為json格式字符串Mapmap=task2Service.getMap(documentId);StringjsonStr=JSON.toJSONString(map,SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames);JSONObjectjsonObject=JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);JSONObjectsr=task2Service.doPost(jsonObject);returnsr.toString();}
/**@description使用原生httpClient調(diào)用外部接口*@authorlyx*@date2022/8/2416:08*@paramsdate*@returnJSONObject*/publicstaticJSONObjectdoPost(JSONObjectdate){StringassessToken=\"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ\";CloseableHttpClientclient=HttpClients.createDefault();//要調(diào)用的接口urlStringurl=\"http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit\";HttpPostpost=newHttpPost(url);JSONObjectjsonObject=null;try{//創(chuàng)建請求體并添加數(shù)據(jù)StringEntitys=newStringEntity(date.toString());//此處相當(dāng)于在header里頭添加content-type等參數(shù)s.setContentType(\"application/json\");s.setContentEncoding(\"UTF-8\");post.setEntity(s);//此處相當(dāng)于在Authorization里頭添加Beartoken參數(shù)信息post.addHeader(\"Authorization\",\"Bearer\"+assessToken);HttpResponseres=client.execute(post);Stringresponse1=EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());if(res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==HttpStatus.SC_OK){//返回json格式:Stringresult=EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());jsonObject=JSONObject.parseObject(result);}}catch(Exceptione){thrownewRuntimeException(e);}returnjsonObject;}
3、方式二:使用RestTemplate方法
Spring-Boot開發(fā)中,RestTemplate
同樣提供了對外訪問的接口API,這里主要介紹Get和Post方法的使用。
提供了getForObject
、getForEntity
兩種方式,其中getForEntity
如下三種方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):
Get--getForEntity
,存在以下兩種方式重載
1.getForEntity(Stringurl,ClassresponseType,Object…urlVariables)2.getForEntity(URIurl,ClassresponseType)
Get--getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
//該方法使用URI對象來替代之前的url和urlVariables參數(shù)來指定訪問地址和參數(shù)綁定。URI是JDK java.net包下的一個類,表示一個統(tǒng)一資源標(biāo)識符(Uniform Resource Identifier)引用。參考如下:RestTemplaterestTemplate=newRestTemplate();UriComponentsuriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(\"http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}\").build().expand(\"dodo\").encode();URIuri=uriComponents.toUri();ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();
Get--getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
//該方法提供了三個參數(shù),其中url為請求的地址,responseType為請求響應(yīng)body的包裝類型,urlVariables為url中的參數(shù)綁定,該方法的參考調(diào)用如下://http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)RestTemplaterestTemplate=newRestTemplate();Mapparams=newHashMap<>();params.put(\"name\",\"dada\");//ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(\"http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}\",String.class,params);
Get--getForObject,存在以下三種方式重載
1.getForObject(Stringurl,ClassresponseType,Object...urlVariables)2.getForObject(Stringurl,ClassresponseType,MapurlVariables)3.getForObject(URIurl,ClassresponseType)
getForObject方法可以理解為對getForEntity的進(jìn)一步封裝,它通過HttpMessageConverterExtractor
對HTTP的請求響應(yīng)體body內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對象轉(zhuǎn)換,實(shí)現(xiàn)請求直接返回包裝好的對象內(nèi)容。
Post請求提供有postForEntity
、postForObject
和postForLocation
三種方式,其中每種方式都有三種方法,下面介紹postForEntity
的使用方法。
Post--postForEntity,存在以下三種方式重載
1.postForEntity(Stringurl,Objectrequest,ClassresponseType,Object...uriVariables)2.postForEntity(Stringurl,Objectrequest,ClassresponseType,MapuriVariables)3.postForEntity(URIurl,Objectrequest,ClassresponseType)
如下僅演示第二種重載方式
/**@descriptionpost方式獲取入?yún)ⅲ迦霐?shù)據(jù)并發(fā)起流程*@authorlyx*@date2022/8/2416:07*@params*@return*/@PostMapping(\"/submit2\")publicObjectinsertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBodyJSONObjectjsonObject){StringdocumentId=jsonObject.get(\"documentId\").toString();returntask2Service.submit(documentId);}
/**@description使用restTimeplate調(diào)外部接口*@authorlyx*@date2022/8/2416:02*@paramsdocumentId*@returnString*/publicStringsubmit(StringdocumentId){StringassessToken=\"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ\";RestTemplaterestTemplate=newRestTemplate();//創(chuàng)建請求頭HttpHeadershttpHeaders=newHttpHeaders();//此處相當(dāng)于在Authorization里頭添加Beartoken參數(shù)信息httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION,\"Bearer\"+assessToken);//此處相當(dāng)于在header里頭添加content-type等參數(shù)httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,\"application/json\");Mapmap=getMap(documentId);StringjsonStr=JSON.toJSONString(map);//創(chuàng)建請求體并添加數(shù)據(jù)HttpEntity
4、方式三:使用Feign進(jìn)行消費(fèi)
在maven項(xiàng)目中添加依賴
org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-starter-feign 1.2.2.RELEASE
啟動類上加上@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication@EnableFeignClients@ComponentScan(basePackages={\"com.definesys.mpaas\",\"com.xdap.*\",\"com.xdap.*\"})publicclassMobilecardApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class,args);}}
此處編寫接口模擬外部接口供feign調(diào)用外部接口方式使用
定義controller
@AutowiredPrintServiceprintService;@PostMapping(\"/outSide\")publicStringtest(@RequestBodyTestDtotestDto){returnprintService.print(testDto);}
定義service
@ServicepublicinterfacePrintService{publicStringprint(TestDtotestDto);}
定義serviceImpl
publicclassPrintServiceImplimplementsPrintService{@OverridepublicStringprint(TestDtotestDto){return\"模擬外部系統(tǒng)的接口功能\"+testDto.getId();}}
構(gòu)建Feigin的Service
定義service
//此處name需要設(shè)置不為空,url需要在.properties中設(shè)置@Service@FeignClient(url=\"${outSide.url}\",name=\"service2\")publicinterfaceFeignService2{@RequestMapping(value=\"/custom/outSide\",method=RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublicStringgetMessage(@Valid@RequestBodyTestDtotestDto);}
定義controller
@AutowiredFeignService2feignService2;//測試feign調(diào)用外部接口入口@PostMapping(\"/test2\")publicStringtest2(@RequestBodyTestDtotestDto){returnfeignService2.getMessage(testDto);}
postman測試
此處因?yàn)槲沂褂昧怂陧?xiàng)目,所以需要添加一定的請求頭等信息,關(guān)于Feign的請求頭添加也會在后續(xù)補(bǔ)充
補(bǔ)充如下:
將token等信息放入Feign請求頭中,主要通過重寫RequestInterceptor
的apply方法實(shí)現(xiàn)
定義config
@ConfigurationpublicclassFeignConfigimplementsRequestInterceptor{@Overridepublicvoidapply(RequestTemplaterequestTemplate){//添加tokenrequestTemplate.header(\"token\",\"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ\");}}
定義service
@Service@FeignClient(url=\"${outSide.url}\",name=\"feignServer\",configuration=FeignDemoConfig.class)publicinterfaceTokenDemoClient{@RequestMapping(value=\"/custom/outSideAddToken\",method=RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublicStringgetMessage(@Valid@RequestBodyTestDtotestDto);}
定義controller
//測試feign調(diào)用外部接口入口,加上token@PostMapping(\"/testToken\")publicStringtest4(@RequestBodyTestDtotestDto){returntokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto);}
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